Juniper Publishers Annals of Social Sciences and Management studies

Strategies for Spatial and Economic Development Authored by  Rupert Rhodd The physical, economic and social distress in inner cities across the nation raises some questions about the efficacy of local development policies and programs. Property-and-life-threatening conditions in the inner cities tend to have very negative effects on the quality of life of residents. The conditions in their communities often have implications that are economic (disinvestment, unemployment, higher fees to pay for urban services) physical (aesthetic blight), social (crime and insecurity) and political (stereotype and neglect by mainstream).  Among the tools by which government has responded to conditions in inner cities is redevelopment, also used interchangeably with renewal, revitalization and regeneration. Redevelopment is defined narrowly in the literature as a spatially-biased tool, a locally policy decision that focuses on older developed areas that are redeveloped for new use which at