A Few More Heteronyms/Heterophones to Buttress the Argument that Yoruba is a Language Isolate-Juniper Publishers

 Annals of Social Sciences & Management Studies-Juniper Publishers

Perspective

“The Yoruba language is very musical….to distinguish the tones thus becomes very indispensable” [1]. “In Yoruba, vowels are of greater importance than consonants, and tones than vowels; hence the peculiarity of this language, that musical sounds can be employed to convey a correct idea of words in speech” [2]. “The language however abounds in contractions and elisions; a whole syllable may be dropped but the tone remaining. This is the crux of difficulty with foreigners trying to speak the language. There is no word accent in Yoruba, the tone governs everything…. [3].

“No consonants are used to represent a vowel by perverting them from their legitimate consonanted sounds as ‘h’, ‘w’ and ‘y’ are sometimes used in English [4].

“The labours of Mr. Crowther who reduced the language and collected into a vocabulary several thousand words and of Mr. Bowen who increased the number to about eight thousand words show most conclusively its fullness and variety which, in the progress of time, must become more and more manifest as continual study and investigation develop its resources. It is capable of almost indefinite expansion and is so constructed that a scholar familiar with all its principles could increase the number of words ad infinitum. It is a language of vowels having but very few consonants and is thus rendered more difficult to acquire, especially those whose language is differently constructed…The language is most difficult because of the innumerable contractions made by the natives in rapid speaking. Not infrequently contracted into three and seven into four and five, so puzzling the learner that he considers it next to an impossibility to catch the words with any distinctness. If, on the other hand he tries to speak it he will oftentimes find himself expressing an idea he never thought of by wrong accent.

The language is abundant in proverbs and such expressions as indicate thought” [5] A few more examples of Yoruba homographs and heterophones/ heteronyms include the following: kindly note that the alphabet ‘d’ stands for the sound ‘do’ , ‘r’ stands for the sound ‘re’ and ‘m’ for ‘mi’ (Table 1).


Sese dd Fresh, recently

Dr get injured/wounded

Lana dd make something possible/create opportunity

Rm malfunction (especially of equipment/machinery)

Sina md cause a breakthrough

Dm waywardness, wantonness, profligate


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